Think：

1- What is the purpose of lighting ?

Meet the pursuit of brightness, play a role in setting off the environment and atmosphere.

2- What do shadows convey ?

Light and shadow create contrasts and affect the expressiveness of color. Create a focal point to keep the audience’s attention focused. And the lack of brightness, showing a certain texture, details in the object. At the same time, make the object more three-dimensional and less flat.

3- How lighting helps the narrative ?

The contrast of brightness gives the audience a different feeling. The light and shade and colors of the light create different atmospheres.

1- Light purposes and functions

Lighting is dependent on the proper control of shadows.
• It is not the basic illumination that clarifies and intensifies the specific shape and texture of people and things: It is the various shadows.

2- Nature of Shadows

Shading is the variation of reflected light on a surface patch which faces directly the light source. Shadows are regions occluded from the light source and come in two types: attached shadows are formed on the very surface which is occluding the light whereas cast shadows are formed on remote surfaces.
For extended light sources, penumbras surround the
cast shadows.
Finally, attached shadows sometimes include interreflections that result from light rays bouncing back from surrounding surfaces.

2 types of Shadows:
1）- Attached Shadow = fixed to the object and dependent on it

2） Cast Shadow = independent of the object.
It gives more visual variety and interest.
It can be connected to the object or not.
It reveals the basic form of the object.
it tells where the object is in relation to its surroundings / suggests specific location.
• When moving away from surface:
It needs to get larger and less dense
• When closer to the surface:
it needs to be denser and small.
it tells the time of the day and season.
it creates drama and mood.

3- Outer Orientation Functions

A. Spatial orientation: reveals the basic shape of the object and its location relative to its environment.

B.Tactile orientation: fast-falloff lighting is employed to reveal
and emphasize the object’s surface texture. To add more texture,
lighting is done mainly from the side.

C. Time orientation: achieved by primarily controlling:
the relative brightness of the background
light = daylight
dark = nighttime
the length and angle of the cast shadows:
long = early morning or late afternoon
short=high noon
Seasons: winter sun is slightly more bluish and weaker with long and faint shadows. Snow makes falloff slower. Summer sun, is strong, with short and dense shadows.

4- Inner Orientation Functions

1) Establishing mood and atmosphere

A- High-key lighting vs low-Key lighting
A1) Low-key lighting (down)
• Overall light level is low.
• Illuminates specific areas.
• Fast-falloff.
A2) High-key lighting (up)
• Abundance of lights.
• Nonspecific distribution
of lights.
• Slow-falloff